How Hamas has survived Israel’s military campaign in Gaza

On the second anniversary of Hamas’s October 7, 2023, massacre, which sparked the war in Gaza – now Israel’s longest – the question arises as to why the Islamic terror group remains undefeated.
Before addressing the reasons – and offering some explanations – it is first necessary to address the concept of defeat in relation to a semi-state terrorist organization such as Hamas.
Defeat is a military concept derived from the world of interstate wars, or armed conflict between two or more state armies. Such wars are waged on defined fronts, distinguishing between combatants and civilians, and staying within the boundaries of the international laws of war. Even for ending such conflicts, there are mechanisms recognized by international institutions such as the United Nations. In this world, to defeat an army means to deprive it of the ability or will to continue fighting.
In a world of non-state or semi-state actors such as Hamas, war is conducted completely differently. For a religious terrorist organization with a nationalistic sentiment motivated by a supranational ideology committed to the re-establishment of the Islamic caliphate, the separation between the civil or political realm and the military echelons is almost nonexistent.

Supporting Hamas

Hamas’s military wing is far more significant and influential than its political arm, despite being responsible for governing Gaza for more than 18 years. During that time, the organization, which grew out of the population, has compounded its support among the people, and that support continues to grow after October 7, according to some polls. In short, the organization is deeply embedded in Gaza’s civil society and operates from within it.

Under these conditions, there is no single point of gravity for Hamas that could cause its downfall. Defeat, in terms familiar to the world of interstate wars, is almost impossible without the widespread destruction of the civilian population, a war crime or a form of genocide that Israel would never commit.
The expectation of many for a clear victory in the style of the Six Day War, with Hamas waving a white flag, is an illusion. Fortunately, the Israeli government and the military are aware of the problems involved in defeating Hamas and understand that defeat, in this instance, means dismantling the organization as an effective governmental and military entity.
So, why, after two years, has Israel not yet succeeded in achieving that?
First, the strategic choice to attack Hamas and the Gaza Strip gradually, starting in the north of the territory and reaching other areas later on, turned out to be wrong. Secondly, the method of occupying an area, clearing it of terrorist infrastructure, and then abandoning it, also proved problematic. Israel found itself returning to the same areas it had already cleared multiple times. And finally, the IDF echelon’s reluctance to occupy the entire Gaza Strip and impose military rule in the early stages of the war also turned out to be a mistake.

International pressure

Beyond Israel’s erroneous military decisions, the more substantial reasons are external.

The fact that Israel faced a multi-front regional war forced it to spread its resources; it also found itself exposed to tremendous international pressure that was devoid of any strategic or moral logic.
The international community, including the US administration, forgot the October 7 attack very quickly. When reports began to emerge of Palestinian civilian casualties, the international community began forcing Israel to increase humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip.
Israel was also forced to allow humanitarian aid to enter active combat zones and eventually found itself fighting Hamas while at the same time feeding Hamas, allowing this murderous terrorist organization to continue to sustain itself.
Hamas’s control over the distribution of humanitarian aid allowed the group to maintain its mechanisms of control over the territory and, especially, the people. It suppressed any possibility of rebellion and prevented the establishment of an alternative civilian government.
Beyond international pressure, Israel was exposed to the spread of false narratives by Hamas, narratives echoed by many in the international media, international aid organizations, and the UN.
Civilian casualties, starvation, and war crimes all became part of that narrative, despite the IDF’s efforts to reduce the extent of collateral damage.
Understanding the international media well, Hamas succeeded in increasing the effect and, as a result, the pressure ramped up on Israel.
Additionally, Hamas’s hostage-taking served to fuel tensions between Israeli society and the government, and between the military and political echelons. The regular protests by hostages’ families across the country gave the government little room to maneuver.
Those protests spread to the international sphere, especially to the United States, putting pressure on the administration in a significant way, making it very difficult for Israel to operate militarily in instances such as taking control of Gaza’s southernmost city of Rafah and the strategic Philadelphi Corridor.
Under president Joe Biden’s administration, Israel was pressured to move forward in negotiations to end the war, even at the cost of impossible and unbearable concessions. This played into Hamas’s hands and encouraged the organization’s leadership to harden its positions.
In recent months, this international pressure has spilled over into economic and cultural spheres to the point of boycotts and refusals to allow the passage of planes or ships carrying weapons destined for Israel.

On the battlefield

Beyond all of this, it is important to consider the battlefield itself. Over the past decade and beyond, Hamas managed to build an extensive network of hundreds of kilometers of tunnels beneath Gaza

This has allowed Hamas’s operatives to move freely and safely throughout the Gaza Strip. A system of command and control rooms, weapons depots, rocket launch sites, and food, water, and fuel depots, under the cover of residential buildings and humanitarian facilities such as hospitals, clinics, schools, and mosques, also enable Hamas to breathe and survive.
No army in the world has experienced war under these conditions, and the task of destroying tunnels in a dense urban environment is complicated and slow-moving.
The fact that Hamas, deeply embedded in Palestinian civil society, continues to have the support of the population and, even in cases where it has lost popularity, manages to force civilians to serve as human shields, also makes the IDF’s operations extremely difficult.
The presence of hostages in Gaza has complicated matters even further. The IDF must act with the utmost caution and avoid operating in areas where it thinks hostages might be present for fear of harming them.
Despite all the constraints and complexities, the military has made some impressive achievements, such as dismantling most of Hamas’s military capabilities; eliminating its entire senior chain of command; killing tens of thousands of its combatants; and destroying its main command and control centers, as well as its weapons production facilities.
With the occupation of Gaza City and then the central refugee camps now in motion, the process of dismantling Hamas will be complete. Conditions for the establishment of an alternative civilian government will be a further blow to Hamas.
The final step, in order to defeat the organization and deprive it of the ability to recover in the future, must also include the elimination of its external leadership, which is what Israel tried to do recently in Doha, Qatar, but apparently failed.
This war began with a terrible disaster for Israel, a bloody humiliation, and a scar that will be etched in the collective consciousness for generations to come but continued with a series of impressive military achievements, far beyond the Gaza Strip.
With the end of the war, Israel and the IDF will record an impressive and historic victory, and the course of the war as a whole, and the Gaza War in particular, will be studied for many years to come in military colleges around the world.Published in The Jerusalem Post, October 5, 2025.

.




Recognition of a Palestinian state: A moral low and a strategic folly of the West

Since October 7, European and other nations have worked to advance recognition of a Palestinian state, with the peak of these efforts occurring during last week’s UN General Assembly, led by France. To date, 156 out of 193 UN member states have recognised a Palestinian state, ostensibly aimed at ending the war and saving the “two-state” solution in the face of Israel’s moves to advance settlements in Judea and Samaria.

In his UN address, French President Emmanuel Macron claimed that “sacrificing the lives of additional civilians, expelling Gaza residents to Egypt, annexing the West Bank, the death of hostages held by Hamas, or creating facts on the ground that could irreversibly change the situation there” must be prevented. He further erred in his distorted perception of reality when he tried to explain that “recognition of a Palestinian state is a defeat for Hamas as well as for all those who foment anti-Semitism, cultivate anti-Zionist obsessions and want the destruction of the State of Israel”. British Prime Minister Keir Starmer even accused Israel of cruelty in the war.

To show that this is a considered move with considerable thought behind it, Macron and Starmer clarified that the Palestinian Authority must meet commitments to carry out reforms, including dismantling Hamas, stopping incitement against Israel, ending salary payments to terrorists and their families, fighting corruption, and even holding democratic elections.

Remarkably, European and other nations choose to base their political plan for a Palestinian state on the word of Palestinian Authority Chairman Abu Mazen, who has not hidden his Holocaust denial and his desire to see Israel wiped off the map. This illustrates the impracticality and lack of seriousness in the recognition move, and that in practice the two main things it promotes are a prize for the Hamas terror organisation and advancing the Palestinian Authority’s aspiration for a one-state solution – Palestinian instead of the State of Israel.

As mentioned, the decision to recognise a Palestinian state is primarily declarative, and it did not even have the power to change the status of the Palestinian entity at the UN to full membership, since the Palestinians, who do not meet the basic conditions for recognition as a state, need the support of nine members of the UN Security Council and hope that no veto will be imposed on such a decision by the United States. Although this might appear to be a decision that would advance a sustainable solution for the Palestinians, it seems to serve primarily to attack the State of Israel in the international arena.

Indeed, despite being a declarative move, it provides a tailwind to those seeking to harm Israel, and we already see well-organised campaigns to demonise the State of Israel (mostly funded by Qatar), its citizens, and Jews wherever they are, regardless of their connection to Israel.

In sports, discussions are taking place behind the scenes to suspend Israel from UEFA (the European Football Association). In other sports, there are demands for Israeli teams to compete without the Israeli flag, and recently, in the bicycle race in Spain, riots by pro-Palestinian demonstrators who disrupted the competition led to calls to prevent the participation of the Israeli team, in what appears to be another prize for terror.

In culture, petitions by progressive liberal celebrities against Israel, claiming genocide, have featured in major film festivals, and awards have been given to works that echo the Palestinian narrative. In academia, research institutions refrain from publishing research by Israeli researchers, and funding for joint research with Israel has become difficult to impossible. On the security level, several countries have decided to impose an embargo on security procurement from Israel.

The supporters of this growing boycott are using the Russian case to base their claims. However, this comparison also sins against the truth and points to a sharp logical failure – in the Russia-Ukraine war, Russia was the aggressor that invaded Ukraine contrary to international law, while the State of Israel operates in Gaza to return the abductees and dismantle the Hamas terror organisation that invaded, murdered, and raped Israeli citizens.

In this sense, Israel’s position as the stronger side in the war leads the international community to identify the State of Israel as an aggressor rather than as a victim. In this context, suspending Israel would be tantamount to suspending Ukraine for daring to defend itself against Russia’s attacks.

So why do European countries choose to give a prize to terror? There are domestic and foreign reasons for this that are not at all related to the Palestinian issue. France quite regularly uses the Palestinian issue to strengthen its position as a leading country in the European Union and in the international arena, alongside an effort to please the Muslim population in France and to divert French public opinion from the failures of the government’s economic policy.

In Britain, the absurdity is even greater – it seems that the recognition of Palestine is intended to divert attention from Starmer’s political weakness, including within his own party, and the recognition of a Palestinian state has even exposed Britain to Palestinian claims for compensation due to British colonialism in the Land of Israel. In other countries, the decision depends on the composition of the current government and, given political change, may even be reversed.

Despite being a declarative move, Israel must not remain silent in the face of the international effort to harm Israel’s legitimacy, the war effort against Hamas, and negotiations for the release of the hostages. Israel should examine a variety of response moves that will strengthen Israel’s sovereignty and exact a price from the Palestinian Authority, but these need to be done with the required sensitivity so as not to harm the Abraham Accords, not allow Hamas to benefit from the Palestinian Authority’s weakness, and assist friendly countries to maintain their support of Israel.

Published in Firstpost, September 29, 2025.




What Israel Wants

The events of October 7, 2023, shook Israel to its core. Hamas’s brutal attack—which left some 1,200 dead and hundreds more held captive—made clear to Israel’s leaders and citizens alike that the country must change its approach to national security to ensure its survival.

In the subsequent two years, Israeli decision-makers have discarded old security paradigms in favor of new strategies. Israel is no longer content with weakening, rather than defeating, its adversaries. Instead, Israeli leaders are much more willing to employ the country’s military strength to proactively shape a new order that protects its national interests.

Some have interpreted Israel’s new strategy as a quest for regional hegemony. In reality, although it is the strongest military power in the region, Israel is not a regional hegemon—nor does it seek to be one.

Israel does not want to dominate the regional order. But it does seek to shape that order to a greater degree than ever before. This includes defending its assets and allies, holding territory and adjusting borders when strategically necessary, forging diverse alliances around common interests, and preventing any potential enemy from developing capabilities that would threaten its existence or security.

By embracing a strategy that prioritizes real security concerns over wishful diplomacy and proactive intervention over reactive restraint, Israel is making itself stronger, not weaker. It can thrive only if its borders are secure, existential challenges on its periphery are removed, and its regional partnerships grow deeper. As long as Israeli leaders continue to embrace this new paradigm, it will safeguard Israel and create the necessary conditions for a more stable and prosperous Middle East in the future.

The full paper was published in Foreign Affairs, September 12, 2025.




Israel Is Not Committing Genocide: Exposing the Distortion of Law and Truth

As day follows night, recycled accusations of “genocide” are once again hurled at Israel by activists masquerading as “scholars.”

This time, the charge comes from the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS), a group that appears more interested in ideological posturing than in upholding intellectual integrity.

As a human-rights lawyer and a military expert, we come from different professional vantage points, yet we arrive at the same, unequivocal conclusion: Israel is not committing genocide in Gaza.

We have been to Gaza, led soldiers in battle, and practiced international law for over four decades combined. We have interviewed IDF commanders and soldiers on the ground, visited aid staging and distribution centers, and studied operational orders. From this vantage point, the accusation of genocide is not only false but obscene, a distortion of truth and complicity in Hamas’s propaganda campaign.

The IAGS resolution itself exposes the hollowness of the claim. Barely 20 percent of members voted for it. Membership is open to anyone who can pay a $30 fee, without demonstrating academic rigor or expertise.

Parody accounts such as “Mo Cookie,” “Emperor Palpatine,” and “Adolf Hitler of Gaza City” are listed as members. That such unserious procedures can produce such a serious accusation should discredit the exercise outright. Yet the world’s media, commentators, and lawmakers have rushed to amplify the libel.

Under the 1948 Genocide Convention, genocide is not a vague political term but a tightly defined legal crime: acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. The critical element is specific intent, what international tribunals have called dolus specialis. This “intent to destroy” requirement is deliberately set as a very high bar. Without it, mass atrocities, however horrific, fall under other categories of international law, such as war crimes or crimes against humanity, but not genocide.

Nothing we have seen in Gaza remotely approaches proof of genocidal intent or action. The war is ugly, painful, and devastating, but it is fought by Israel in self-defense and in accordance with the laws of armed conflict. Hamas carried out the single worst massacre of Jews since the Holocaust on October 7, 2023, has vowed to repeat it “again and again” until Israel is annihilated, and still holds dozens of hostages.

Israel’s objective has never been to wipe out the Palestinian people. Its stated and demonstrated aim has been to dismantle Hamas’s military and governing capacity, prevent further terrorist atrocities, and return the hostages. Israeli leaders have said again and again that the war is with Hamas and not the Palestinian people, yet critics dismiss these statements as if they have no meaning.

Unable to prove genocidal intent, accusers instead point to the tragic effects of war: civilian deaths, destroyed buildings, food insecurity. They then argue that these outcomes prove genocide. But that is not how international law works. If devastation or high casualties alone proved genocidal intent, nearly every war in history could be branded genocide. Such reasoning strips the word of meaning.

Civilian suffering in Gaza is real, but responsibility lies primarily with Hamas, which has embedded its military machine inside homes, schools, hospitals, and mosques, deliberately using civilians as shields. This reality cannot be separated from the conduct of the war.

Israel, by contrast, has implemented measures unmatched by any modern military to mitigate civilian harm: advance warnings, leaflets, phone alerts, humanitarian corridors, pauses for evacuation, and canceling legitimate strikes when civilian risk was too high.

At the same time, Israel has facilitated unprecedented humanitarian assistance. More than two million tons of aid have entered Gaza since October 7, including food, medicine, fuel, and water. Israel has overseen the vaccination of Gaza’s entire child population, repaired water infrastructure, delivered medical supplies, and enabled fuel shipments to keep hospitals and essential services running.

These actions have taken place while Hamas still governs territory, still fires rockets into Israeli towns, and still holds hostages. There is no precedent for this.

On the battlefield, Israel has shown extraordinary restraint. The IDF has employed precision munitions, aborted strikes when children were visible, and deployed ground forces at great risk to its own soldiers precisely to minimize harm to civilians. This is the opposite of genocide.

Genocidal campaigns are defined by the intentional and systematic extermination of a people: Rwanda in 1994, Srebrenica in 1995, Darfur in the 2000s, or more recently, the attempted extermination of the Druze in Syria. To equate Gaza with these horrors is not only inaccurate but an insult to the memory of real victims.

Weaponizing “genocide” is not benign. It is part of a deliberate lawfare strategy designed to delegitimize Israel, isolate it diplomatically, and absolve Hamas of its crimes. By misapplying “the crime of crimes” to Israel, activists and so-called scholars cheapen the word, corrode the credibility of international institutions, and serve as pawns of Hamas, the only party in this war that has openly declared genocidal intent.

Words matter. So does law. Genocide is not a political football. When it is maliciously wielded against Israel, it demeans the victims of real genocides and undermines the integrity of international law itself.

The article was written with John Spencer, executive director of the Urban Warfare Institute. He is the coauthor of Understanding Urban Warfare.




Advancing Israeli sovereignty in response to recognition of a Palestinian state

The intention of key Western states – including France, the UK, and Canada – to recognize a Palestinian state at the upcoming UN General Assembly presents not only a diplomatic challenge for Israel, but also a strategic opportunity. Instead of merely issuing condemnations, Israel should seize the moment by promoting an alternative policy: ending the prospect of a Palestinian state and advancing full Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank, alongside offering a framework of self-governance for the local Arab population.

The European-led initiative should not be taken lightly – even if it does not immediately alter the facts on the ground. The Palestinian Authority clearly lacks the minimal conditions required for statehood: it has no defined borders, no security control over its purported territory, and no capacity to enter into and uphold international agreements. However, recognition still carries long-term psychological and political significance. From Israel’s perspective, this move is a hostile act that could damage its international and regional standing and lead to security threats.

Israeli responses

Therefore, Israel must respond with concrete actions rather than just statements. Declaring its intention to apply sovereignty over the entire area of Judea and Samaria – and doing so immediately in key strategic areas such as the Jordan Valley, the E1 area, and the major settlement blocs – would make it unequivocally clear that the idea of a Palestinian state is no longer on the table.

This is not only a necessary response to the current diplomatic wave, but also an essential step in the wake of the October 7 attack. Just as steps to promote a Palestinian state would constitute a strategic victory for Hamas, steps that eliminate any possibility of Palestinian statehood would constitute a strategic defeat for Hamas.

Moreover, since the attack, Israeli public opinion has shifted, and today only a minority still supports the idea of a Palestinian state in the West Bank. It is now widely understood that such a state would pose a far greater security threat than Gaza did before the war.

But equal in importance to rejecting Palestinian statehood is the positive alternative: Israel has no interest in directly managing the daily lives of the Arabs in the West Bank. Therefore, it is appropriate to promote a structure of decentralized self-governance based on municipal and regional divisions – in contrast to the current centralized and corrupt rule of the PA. In this model, Palestinians would be granted a significant degree of self-determination, but without the establishment of an independent state.

What would the consequences be?

Would such a move undermine the prospects of normalization with Saudi Arabia? It is important to understand that Saudi Arabia has already hardened its conditions for normalization, demanding a firm commitment to a process leading to Palestinian statehood. This means that as things stand, the Saudis are currently insisting on something that Israel simply cannot offer, and this is unlikely to change even after the fighting in Gaza ends.

Paradoxically, a unilateral Israeli move to eliminate the possibility of a sovereign Palestinian state – combined with the advancement of a Palestinian self-governance plan – might eventually allow the Saudis to walk back their demands. In the short term, it may provoke significant criticism, but, over time, it could provide Riyadh with an off-ramp and allow normalization to move forward nonetheless.

It must be recalled that after the achievements in Lebanon, Syria, and Iran – and once Israel secures victory in Gaza – a major war front remains in the West Bank. The current situation is unstable: the PA may collapse, terrorism is a daily threat, and there is widespread illegal Arab encroachment on territory.

The war, which to a large extent began as a result of the Oslo Accords and the Gaza withdrawal, should conclude with a historic shift away from the Oslo trajectory – driving the final nail into the coffin of the idea of a Palestinian state.

Only if this is clear to Israel itself, might it become clear to the French, British, and Canadians.

Published in the Jerusalem Post, On August 6, 2025.




The Gaza war and the fall of Jerusalem: When Israel abandons morals for legalism

There is a stark difference between the war zones of Lebanon and Gaza: in Lebanon, civilians can flee when fighting erupts. In Gaza, they are trapped. Hamas identified this and turned it into its greatest strength: civilians became its doomsday weapon.

Recognizing the IDF’s core advantage – long-range precision firepower – Hamas devised three tactics to neutralize it: using tunnels for maneuver and combat, turning civilians into human shields, and controlling humanitarian aid to feed its logistics and dictate the war’s duration.

Despite massive damage, Hamas has so far prevented Israel from achieving its two central war objectives: returning the hostages and dismantling it as a governing and military power. At the same time, through false claims of famine and mass civilian deaths, Hamas generated a collapse in Israel’s international legitimacy and unleashed an unprecedented wave of antisemitism.

The use of civilians

The IDF appears not to have anticipated Hamas’s use of civilians as a strategic weapon – neither before the war nor at its outset. Only after the new IDF chief of staff took command was a clear concept developed in Operation Gideon’s Chariots: severing Hamas from Gaza’s civilian population.

The proposed method: redirecting humanitarian aid to safe, organized distribution zones and transferring civilians to them, rather than allowing Hamas to control the aid. This would have enabled encirclement, starvation, and defeat of Hamas, while providing protection to civilians.

According to media reports, this effort was blocked after three reserve officers claimed the civilian transfer violated international law. If true, this reflects a grave misunderstanding. The Fourth Geneva Convention prohibits forced deportation but explicitly permits – and even mandates – temporary evacuation for life-saving purposes. Voluntary, protected relocation is not a war crime. It is a legal and moral duty.

Jerusalem’s historical parallels

If this legal argument blocked the IDF from neutralizing Hamas’s human shield, it reflects a tragic failure: rigid obedience to the law without understanding its purpose. The result may be failure to defeat Hamas – just as rigid legalism once led to Jerusalem’s destruction.

The Talmud recounts how Rabbi Zechariah ben Avkolas refused a Roman sacrifice due to a minor legal flaw. The refusal sparked rebellion and led to catastrophe. Rabbi Yohanan lamented: “His scrupulousness destroyed our Temple, burned our sanctuary, and exiled us from our land.” Excessive legalism, detached from moral responsibility, proved ruinous.

Israel could have presented the world with a moral and strategic precedent: Britain’s World War II Operation Pied Piper, which evacuated 3.5 million civilians, including 1.5 million children, from cities like London to safe zones. Churchill didn’t wait for mass death – he acted preemptively. His aim: protect lives and enable effective warfare.

Gazan civilians, held hostage by Hamas and used as shields, deserve similar protection. Like the Israeli hostages, they too are captives.

As the proposed “Witkoff Deal” is hopefully soon agreed upon, Israel may gain the hostages’ return – at the cost of abandoning its second war goal. But if the deal fails, combat will resume under worsening conditions. Then, like Churchill – not Rabbi Zechariah ben Avkolas – Israel must act: evacuate civilians, reclaim battlefield initiative, and fulfill its moral and strategic duty. The choice will be clear: defeat Hamas – or watch Israel undo itself.

Published in the Jerusalem Post, on August 5, 2025.




Make sure Hamas doesn’t get what it wants

French Prime Minister Emmanuel Macron didn’t have to wait long for it to come. Razi Hamad, a senior official in Hamas’ political bureau based in Qatar, rushed to take credit on behalf of Hamas for the Palestinian statehood recognition initiative. In an interview with Al-Jazeera, he claimed this development was “one of the fruits of the October 7 attack” and clarified that “resistance weapons are the essence of the Palestinian issue – we in Hamas are committed to this and will not hand over even a single empty bullet.”

For those having trouble remembering, this is the same Hamad who, days after the massacre, explained in media interviews that Israel is “a state we want to bring down” and promised: “The Al-Aqsa Flood is only the first time. There will be a second, third, and fourth time. We have the resilience and capability to fight and pay the price.” It’s hard to understand why the long arm of Israeli security mechanisms hasn’t reached him, but it’s still not too late.

Hamas draws encouragement from the success of the “hunger in Gaza” campaign and the responses it generated worldwide and in Israel. They are also pleased with the connection made between the Palestinian statehood recognition initiative and the war in the Strip. The timing of its launch, as well as the connection some Western leaders created between it and the situation in Gaza, turned this initiative in the public’s eyes into a political achievement for Hamas. Suppose we add to this the easing of military pressure and the pipelines opened to flood the Strip with food and civilian supplies. In that case, we can understand the arrogance displayed by the terror organization.

Hamas’ demands

When this is how things stand, and when Israel’s leadership is under attack from all sides, they see no reason to be flexible. Threats to open the gates of hell against them provoke laughter. In contrast, the growing pressure in Israel, especially after the publication of videos of starving hostages, creates the impression among them that Israeli stubbornness is cracking.

Despite upheavals in negotiations throughout the months of war, the four basic demands Hamas set as conditions for returning all hostages have not changed: international guarantee for a complete and absolute cessation of fighting by Israel; withdrawal of IDF forces to October 6 lines; opening of border crossings and creating conditions that would enable the Strip’s reconstruction; and release of terrorists imprisoned in Israel according to an agreed-upon formula. If Israel responds to these demands, it will end the war without achieving its goals and will not only leave Hamas as the central power factor in the Strip but also enable it to rearm and strengthen again, paving its way to take control of the West Bank as well – where it already enjoys great popularity.

Apart from the possibility of ending the war on Hamas’ terms, Israel faces two additional alternatives: conquering the Strip and imposing temporary military rule, or continuing efforts to free some hostages through a combination of pressure and negotiations, without giving up on toppling Hamas and its disarmament. The Diplomatic-Security Cabinet will need to decide between the three alternatives.

Avenues of action

In its current approach, Israel first seeks to ease international pressure even at the cost of reducing pressure on Hamas. But this leads to stagnation of the situation on the ground, leaves the initiative in Hamas’ hands, strengthens its confidence, causes confusion on the Israeli side, and also doesn’t provide an answer to the hostage issue.

Israel has additional means at its disposal, even in the current interim situation, that should be activated. For example, striking Hamas leadership abroad, which continues to enjoy immunity and conduct political activity uninterrupted. Neutralizing them could also damage Hamas’ post-war reconstruction efforts. Another action: complete severing of internet, networks, and communications in Gaza. These are the tools through which Hamas maintains its governance. Through them, it consolidates its situational picture, transmits information and instructions to the public.

In addition to this, accelerating the establishment of the humanitarian city and promoting US President Donald Trump’s initiative for voluntary migration of the population – this is the real solution to Gaza’s fundamental problems and also an answer to the desire of tens of thousands of residents, as various surveys show. This is the move Hamas fears most of all.

In light of the deliberate starvation of the hostages, and despite the assumption that Hamas has an interest in preventing their deaths, Israel must set a real price tag and clarify that the death, God forbid, of any hostage will trigger automatic activation of drastic measures such as expelling hundreds of Hamas operatives (whose names will be published) and their families. This, too, should be included in the basket of measures.

Published in  Israel Hayom, August 04, 2025.




Humanitarian city in Gaza is a moral, strategic imperative

As the war in Gaza continues, the imperative to dismantle a ruthless terror organization, while protecting unarmed civilians, has never been clearer.

One bold and practical solution that deserves urgent international endorsement is the creation of a humanitarian city in southern Gaza – a secure, demilitarized zone where Palestinian civilians can seek refuge and access life-saving aid.

This is not a public relations maneuver. It is a concrete plan rooted in both historical precedent and moral clarity. In every major conflict, from Ukraine to Syria, noncombatants have been granted the option to escape active war zones.

Just imagine the international outcry if Poland or Hungary had refused to allow Ukrainians to flee combat zones into their territory.

Yet when Israel seeks to offer Palestinians the opportunity to access aid in a secure area, it is inexplicably met with skepticism and resistance. Why should Gaza be the exception?

The humanitarian city would be located in the southern part of the Gaza Strip. Based on global refugee camp standards, the site could house hundreds of thousands of civilians, if not more, shielded from Hamas strongholds and the heart of combat.
Entry would be strictly limited to unarmed, noncombatant civilians, ensuring the area remains neutral and safe. International aid agencies would provide services, while Israeli forces ensure the zone remains demilitarized. Egypt and other Arab states could also play a constructive logistical role.

Critics might argue that this proposal amounts to forced displacement. That is false. No one would be compelled to relocate, but civilians deserve a real choice – to remain amid crossfire and Hamas exploitation or to move temporarily to a secure area with access to food, water, shelter, and medical care. That is not displacement; it is protection.

By isolating civilians from the battlefield, Israel can operate more effectively and with fewer casualties on all sides. The faster Hamas is defeated, the sooner the war ends.

In addition, this initiative upholds the principle of distinction under international law and counters baseless accusations of war crimes. It demonstrates Israel’s commitment to international legal standards, even in the face of an enemy that deliberately embeds itself among civilians.

Beyond protecting innocent Gazans, a humanitarian city could weaken Hamas’s control over the population. Nearly two years into the war, the terror group remains mainly responsible for distributing humanitarian aid.

Hamas’s civilian government ministries still operate, while Hamas-controlled “emergency committees” keep order in municipalities. In September 2024, the Hamas Health Ministry coordinated a polio vaccination campaign with the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund.

Hamas will continue governing the enclave unless its governance capabilities are taken away.

Critics of the plan have significantly misrepresented international law to portray the humanitarian city as monstrous. In truth, the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols require that states take “constant care” to protect civilians from harm, including relocating them from the battlefield.

Gaza has been under various levels of siege since October 9, 2023. The laws of siege call for the evacuation of civilians from besieged areas. Besides protecting noncombatants, international law allows the relocation of civilians if a military necessity demands it.

Establishing humanitarian safe zone is far from a war crime

Far from being a “war crime,” the United Nations High Commission for Refugees itself advocates for the creation of “humanitarian safe zones” in certain situations. These “safe zones” provide refugees with legal status, prevent exploitation, and allow the orderly and equitable distribution of aid and resources.

The only party that stands to lose from the creation of such a humanitarian city is Hamas, as it would make it far more difficult for the terror army to use civilians as human shields.

It is no secret that Hamas intentionally embeds itself in hospitals, schools, and mosques. The terror group opposes reducing the Gazan civilian death toll as it would lose one of its primary propaganda points against Israel. That alone is a compelling reason to support this initiative.

Shrill rhetoric and pseudo-legal claims are at risk of scuttling a plan that has the potential to both significantly improve the welfare of ordinary Gazans and to hasten the downfall of the Hamas regime. Israel and its allies must stand the course, despite the hysteria. Civilians must be protected and Hamas defeated.

The article was written together with Avraham Russell Shalev.

Published in The Jerusalem Post, July 26, 2025.




The solution: Trump’s voluntary migration plan

As of this writing, Israel has recalled its negotiating team from Qatar “for consultations” after receiving Hamas’s latest response to the updated compromise proposal. This reply came after considerable foot-dragging, tougher demands, and even mocking public remarks by Hamas spokesmen in recent days.

The terrorist group has been buoyed by global reactions to the “starvation in Gaza” campaign and plans to exploit it further to pressure Israel into easing its terms for ending the war. In the meantime, Hamas is leveraging this narrative to pursue three immediate goals: reducing Israeli military pressure in Gaza, reasserting its control over civilian aid entering the Strip, and bolstering its public standing by rallying support around what it presents as a grassroots and media-driven struggle under its auspices.

In an official statement, Hamas called for mass protest actions “in all capitals and cities around the world on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday until the siege is lifted and the starvation ends.” It’s safe to assume Hamas won’t let this opportunity slip by and would rather have images of Gaza’s suffering dominate global news broadcasts, even at the cost of delaying immediate relief for the civilian population.

Hamas’s success in thrusting the Gaza issue back into the global spotlight, after being eclipsed by the war in Iran and developments in southern Syria, has reinforced within the group’s leadership the sense that the overall momentum is shifting against Israel and in its favor. “We are in the midst of a war of attrition. Hamas’s tools, combined with our religious faith, offset the IDF’s power. Time and attrition work in our favor,” senior Islamic Jihad official Mohammad al-Hindi told Al Jazeera recently. While not a member of Hamas, his comments reflect the prevailing mood at the top of the organization.

Hamas is paying close attention to reports from Israel about signs of fatigue and growing public sensitivity to IDF casualties. They’ve also picked up on indications of impatience from US President Donald Trump, who appears to view the war in Gaza as a hindrance to his broader regional ambitions.

The terror group’s leaders are also monitoring developments inside Israel and consider early elections a real possibility. They assume Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu will want to enter that campaign with achievements such as the return of hostages and further normalization agreements. Linking those achievements to a ceasefire strengthens Hamas’s bargaining position.

A mental safety net

Conditions in Gaza are difficult for Hamas operatives on the ground, but not unbearable. Their main task is survival, aided by tunnels and humanitarian aid. The organization’s leadership knows it can end the suffering at any time by agreeing to a deal, thereby buying itself time to regroup. This awareness serves as a mental safety net, protecting them from collapse.

Judging by its behavior, Hamas seems to believe the threat to its survival has lessened, though it hasn’t disappeared entirely. Despite the challenges, the group still functions as an organization, managing effective coordination between its leadership factions and various arms.

Hamas remains the dominant power in Gaza, shaping the narrative through its operatives and media channels, disseminating instructions to the public via Telegram, and enforcing its authority, albeit partially, through semi-official violent mechanisms. There is no alternative to its rule, and despite the hardships, it still enjoys considerable support. The hostages it holds fuel the hope among its ranks of regaining full control of Gaza and rebuilding its devastated infrastructure.

From this analysis, Hamas concludes that compromise is unwise at this stage. Its leadership believes that the more complicated the Gaza situation becomes for Israel, the more pressure Netanyahu will face, internally and externally, to show flexibility. To achieve this, Hamas is acting on multiple fronts: on the ground, by intensifying attacks on IDF troops and attempting kidnappings; diplomatically, by amplifying public protests and international criticism of Israel over deaths and alleged “starvation”; and within Israeli society, by waging psychological warfare over the hostages.

Israel’s own “Sumud”

So what should Israel do in response? First and foremost, it should practically advance President Trump’s initiative for the voluntary migration of Gaza’s population. This is not only a genuine solution to the Strip’s fundamental problems and backed by polls indicating high demand among Gazans themselves, it’s also the move Hamas fears most. The initiative could also alleviate the humanitarian crisis and serve as a counter to Israel’s critics.

Second, Israel should implement a total shutdown of internet and communications in Gaza. Despite much talk, little has been done. These are the very tools that allow Hamas to maintain its grip on the Strip, building its narrative, directing civilians, managing media campaigns, and enforcing control.

Third, humanitarian aid should be limited to designated safe zones only. Aid must not be delivered to areas from which civilians have been instructed to evacuate. These zones should be encircled, allowing for attrition of Hamas fighters who remain behind.

Fourth, Hamas leadership abroad must be physically targeted. For reasons that remain unclear, the group’s external leaders continue to operate freely, directing the organization’s political strategy without interference. Neutralizing them is essential to significantly hindering Hamas’s ability to recover post-war.

No less important, Israel must minimize the risks of IDF troop abductions or casualties in Gaza. Despite international criticism, the IDF must be supported in maintaining the intensity of its operations. Israel must not adopt any measures that would increase risks to its soldiers simply to placate foreign critics.

Hamas views “sumud”, Arabic for steadfastness, as the key to victory. But Israel, too, must display resolve. The many gains achieved through the Swords of Iron War, hard-won at great cost, have brought Israel closer to its goals. With strategic cunning, persistence, and confidence in the justness of its cause, Israel can achieve them all.

Published in  Israel Hayom, July 27, 2025.




The US-Israel Gaza aid plan is working – which is why Hamas is spreading lies about it

This week, the world was fed another lie: that Israeli troops deliberately opened fire on Palestinians waiting for food in Gaza.

The usual chorus responded on cue — crying “massacre” and “war crime” — while much of the media once again acted as an amplifier for Hamas propaganda.

The reality couldn’t be more different.

Not only was there no massacre, but the Israel Defense Forces were actively securing a humanitarian corridor to enable deliveries by the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation, a US-Israeli initiative designed to get aid directly to civilians.

And for the first time since Hamas started the war on Oct. 7, the terror group was losing control over the distribution of humanitarian assistance in Gaza.

The GHF was created to bypass Hamas entirely — cutting it out of the aid supply chain it has long exploited as a tool of war.

Hamas has operated like a terrorist mafia: hijacking trucks, stockpiling supplies for its fighters and then inflating prices to fund its war effort, and violently punishing any Gazan who dares to take food outside its control.

In its first full week of operation, the GHF distributed nearly 7 million meals, on average a million a day.

Tens of thousands of Gazans received food safely and without incident — no Hamas middlemen, no inflated black market and no political strings.

The GHF is now working to open more distribution sites to reach even more Gazans in need.

This is the first serious, large-scale aid operation that undermines Hamas’ most powerful weapon: control over the people of Gaza.

And Hamas is panicking.

Why? Because food has long been part of its arsenal.

Hamas has used aid as leverage — diverting, distributing and denying it as a means to enforce loyalty and preserve power.

The GHF threatens to dismantle that system by delivering directly to civilians, bypassing the terror group that has used starvation as a strategy.

So Hamas has turned to a two-pronged response.

First, disruption on the ground: sending armed operatives to provoke chaos at aid sites, firing on civilians attempting to access food and deliberately manufacturing volatility.

Second, disinformation: flooding social media and compliant news outlets with false casualty counts, doctored images and fabricated narratives — all to paint Israel as the aggressor and itself as the victim.

This isn’t theory. It’s strategy. It’s textbook Hamas. And more than 600 days into a war they began, too much of the world’s media still parrots its talking points without question. That’s not journalism — it’s complicity.Yes, the suffering in Gaza is real.

But its cause is not Israel’s military operations or efforts to rescue the hostages Hamas still holds; it’s Hamas’ own strategy of exploitation and terror.

Meantime, the international community, led by UNRWA, had been the primary source of humanitarian assistance in Gaza and for years willfully turned a blind eye to Hamas’ exploitation of aid — failing to enforce meaningful oversight, even employing Hamas members (many who took part in the Oct. 7 attacks) as local staff and using its facilities to hoard aid for terror operations.

Now, UNRWA would seemingly rather see the GHF fail, and the people of Gaza actually starve, so it can continue using the Jewish state as its forever-scapegoat.

Israel has taken unprecedented steps to minimize civilian harm, facing an enemy that embeds in civilian areas, hoards humanitarian aid and sacrifices its own people to gain global sympathy.

Humanitarian aid must never be a bargaining chip for terrorists.

But by insisting on a system that leaves aid in Hamas’ hands, much of the international community has allowed exactly that.

Hamas would rather starve its own people than lose control over them.

Those who truly care about the welfare of Palestinian civilians must support a system that bypasses Hamas altogether.

That system is the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation.

The GHF is delivering what countless international actors have failed to provide: direct, accountable, large-scale humanitarian assistance that does not empower a terrorist group.

It breaks Hamas’ monopoly over aid and strips it of one of its most dangerous tools — using food as a means of control.

That’s why Hamas is trying to sabotage this initiative.

Supporting the GHF means more than feeding the hungry.

It means breaking Hamas’ grip on Gaza’s civilians.

It means dismantling the group’s strategy of domination through deprivation.

And it means backing a bold US-Israeli initiative that delivers not only food — but hope.

The article was written together with John Spencer is chairman of urban-warfare studies at West Point’s Modern War Institute, host of the “Urban Warfare Project Podcast” and co-author of “Understanding Urban Warfare.”

Published in New York Post, June  3, 2025.